This guide demystifies various investment partnership models by outlining their structures, benefits, challenges, and alignment with Net Zero goals. It helps stakeholders evaluate models based on their risk appetite, governance capacity, and project objectives.
Net Zero local authority investment partnerships: Options and considerations

This guide helps local authorities assess and select investment partnership models for delivering Net Zero projects. It compares a range of delivery structures, explores their strengths, risks, and governance implications, and highlights how organisational capacity, finance, community engagement, and wider strategic objectives influence which model is most appropriate in different circumstances:
Recognise the value of investment partnerships
Recognise the value of investment partnerships in helping local authorities access capital, fill capacity gaps, share risk, accelerate project delivery, and secure wider community benefits.
Understand the six principal partnership models assessed in the guide
- Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs),
- strategic partnerships,
- local authority asset ownership,
- wholly owned subsidiaries,
- hybrid models, and
- full concession joint ventures.
Assess partnership options against seven key criteria
- Risk appetite,
- risk transfer,
- governance,
- regulatory compliance,
- shared goals,
- sustainability metrics, and
- access to development finance.
Use the Fit4Finance seven-pillar framework to assess readiness
- Access to finance,
- organisational capacity,
- planning and procurement,
- community engagement,
- policy alignment,
- place-based factors, and
- socio-economic benefits.


Fit4Finance resources are designed to help local authorities move from isolated, grant-funded projects to scalable, investment-ready portfolios.
They include diagnostic tools, case studies, training, and investment models to support project delivery, unlock blended finance, and encourage collaboration across finance, climate, housing, and economic development teams.