Heat network optimisation guide

Net Zero Go says:

This ‘Heat network optimisation guide’ is designed for organisations responsible for operating, managing, or improving existing heat networks, with clear value for local authority officers overseeing housing, asset management, or decarbonisation programmes. It explains the common technical issues that reduce network efficiency, such as high return temperatures, uncontrolled flows, poor insulation, and weak water quality, and provides a structured, evidence‑based approach to diagnosing and resolving them.

For local authorities, the guide supports better procurement, stronger contractor oversight, reduced operating costs, and improved resident experience.

Heat network optimisation guide

The UK’s 2050 decarbonisation objectives face unique complexities given that 80% of the buildings they will serve already exist, with many of these relying on heat networks to deliver hot water and space heating to customers. Sometimes referred to as district heating (multiple buildings) or communal heating systems (single buildings), these networks are key for reducing carbon emissions by facilitating the centralised production and distribution of heat. However, the current state of these networks shows variable performance, a critical issue that needs to be addressed.

The variability in the performance of these networks is due to a myriad of factors, including system design, installation methods, and maintenance practices. The fact that a significant majority of the buildings they will serve are already constructed poses an additional challenge. Ensuring these networks effectively integrate with the existing infrastructure and perform efficiently is an essential task.

In light of these challenges, there is an increasing demand to optimise and reduce the operating temperatures of existing heat networks. Elevating their performance to a consistent, high level will enhance the experience of the customers, their reliability, and overall contribution to the country’s decarbonisation target. This standardisation will also enable the seamless integration of these networks into future city-scale district heating systems, ensuring their vital role in achieving the UK’s environmental targets.

Guidance purpose

This document is primarily aimed at technical engineers that are working on optimising existing heat networks. However, it will also be useful for heat network operators that have technical skills in-house or are looking to procure optimisation studies from third-party consultants. Individuals or organisations that do not have a technical background, but are responsible for the operation of heat networks, can use this document to ensure their consultants are following the correct methodologies, that they have the necessary skills and expertise, and that they are producing the required level of output.

Related resources

Resource

New

Heat network optimisation guide: Template scope of works

This scope of works template has been developed to align with the ‘Heat network optimisation guide’, helping heat network operators to improve the performance of their systems.

Experience level: Smart Client

Provided by: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Heat network optimisation guide

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