An annual report created by the National Energy System Operator (NESO) that provides transparent, holistic paths through future, uncertain energy landscapes. The research is useful in that it provides an analysis of the future landscape of energy, covering areas such as energy demand and supply, speed of decarbonisation, and level of decentralisation. These details are useful in evaluating the potential impact of different solutions and potential market sizes.

Our Future Energy Scenarios (FES) outline three different pathways for the future of the whole energy system out to 2050: Holistic Transition, Electric Engagement, and Hydrogen Evolution. Each one considers how much energy we might need and where it could come from, to build a picture of the ways in which Great Britain could reach Net Zero. The new framework also includes an additional Counterfactual pathway, which is used to understand the gap between successful tracking of the pathways versus enabling change too slowly and missing key targets.

FES is widely used across the energy industry to:

• underpin energy network investment;
• support financial investment decisions for Net Zero technologies;
• inform national and regional policy;
• carry out academic research and innovation.

Stakeholder feedback is collected as part of our comprehensive engagement work and incorporated alongside our own analysis and research to ensure that our data and insights remain robust and up to date. We also endeavour to make our data publicly available.